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Jeffrey Kitingan
Datuk Dr. Jeffrey Gapari Kitingan is a politician from the state of Sabah in Malaysia. He was born in the town of Kota Marudu and graduated from Harvard University (John F. Kennedy School of Government).〔("Kennedy School Graduate Held Prisoner" ), ''The Harvard Crimson''. 10 February 1992.〕 His brother, Tan Sri Datuk Sri Panglima Joseph Pairin Kitingan, is also a politician.
==Political career==
He is known to be a controversial politician, having been detained without trial under the infamous Internal Security Act by the Barisan Nasional-controlled federal government on suspicion of plotting to secede Sabah from the federation of Malaysia, although his defenders argue that his was a politically-motivated move.〔〔("MALAYSIA, Human Rights Undermined: Restrictive Laws in a Parliamentary Democracy" ), ''Amnesty International''. Accessed 20 March 2007.〕 He is also known to have switched political parties a number of times, being a former member of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS), Parti Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat (AKAR Bersatu), and United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO). In 2003, he applied to join the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) but his application was rejected.〔("Why Jeffrey Kitingan is rejected as an UMNO member" ), ''MGG Pillai Journalism and Commentaries''. 9 June 2003.〕
He was a Vice-President of Parti Keadilan Rakyat until his resignation from the position on 28 October 2009. Despite speculation that he might leave the political party,〔 〕 his aides have maintained that he will remain as a member. In 2010, Jeffrey founded a NGO named "United Borneo Alliance", which aimed to strive the rights of Sabah and Sarawak in accordance to 20-point agreement and Malaysia Agreement that contained in 7 Borneo Agenda. 〔(Jeffrey Kitingan forms United Borneo Front to get more for Sabah, Sarawak ) The Star (Malaysia). URL assessed on 27 April 2012〕
In the 2008 general election, he challenged his brother Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Joseph Pairin from Barisan Nasional-Parti Bersatu Sabah at the Keningau parliamentary constituency, but lost.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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